[4] Lohardaga was the largest district in the Chota Nagpur Division of the Bengal Presidency, covering 12,044 square miles (31,190 km2) southwest areas of present-day Jharkhand.

District has a number of small hill blocks covered with forests.

Lohardaga district consists of two broad physiographic divisions – the hilly tract and the plateau region.

The hilly tract extends over the western and north-western parts of the district.

[5] The main rivers of the district are South Koel, Sankh, Nandni, Chaupat’s and Fulijhar etc.

In the uplands considerable thickness of late-rite of Pleistocene age is found in the Granite and Gneisses tracts.

[3] The district has a population density of 307 inhabitants per square kilometre (800/sq mi).

[3] Lohardaga has a sex ratio of 985 females for every 1000 males,[3] and a literacy rate of 67.61%.

[3] In the district tribal religion (mainly Sarna) are practiced by half (i.e. 51.10%) of the population.

Two blocks i.e. Kisko and Senha have large area under dense forest cover.

In 2006 the Indian government named Lohardaga one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).