These include the opening and prorogation of Parliament, the confirmation of a newly elected Speaker of the House of Commons and the granting of royal assent.
[1][better source needed] Occasionally there are substitutions (such as deputy party leaders) if the normal commissioners are unavailable.
However, since the 2007 appointment of Jack Straw, a member of the House of Commons, as Lord Chancellor the person in that office does not participate in Royal Commissions, much like the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Exceptions to this procedure were seen in 2009 and 2019, when royal approbation was declared to the elections of John Bercow and Lindsay Hoyle as Commons speaker.
The following people are usually appointed participating and non-participating Lords Commissioners:[1][better source needed] [2]