Louis Armand was born at the Hôtel de Conti (quai Malaquais) in Paris, France.

In August 1679 he acted as the groom in the proxy marriage where Marie Louise d'Orléans married Charles II of Spain.

Since neither of them had been instructed on what to expect on their first night together, it ended up in disaster, with Marie Anne fleeing in despair and the prince not wanting to share the bed of a woman again.

He served with distinction in Flanders in 1683, and, against the wish of the King, went to Hungary, where he helped the Imperialists defeat the Turks at Gran in the same year.

Having no descendants, he was succeeded as Prince of Conti by his younger brother, François Louis de Bourbon (1664–1709).