He was a son of Robert I of Bar and his wife Marie Valois, (daughter of John II of France).
In 1409, he attended the Council of Pisa with Guy of Roye, Archbishop of Reims, and Peter of Ailly, Bishop of Cambrai.
The cardinals, arriving at Pisa, attempted to depose Benedict XIII of Avignon and Gregory XII of Rome, and elected Pope Alexander V, hoping to put an end to the Western Schism.
The Council arranged the abdication of both the Roman pope Gregory XII and the Pisan antipope John XXIII, excommunicated the Avignon antipope Benedict XIII, and elected Martin V as the new pope reigning from Rome.
On the death of his brother Edward III, Duke of Bar at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, Louis inherited the dukedom and successfully defended his claim to it against that of his brother-in-law Adolphe, Duke of Juliers and of Berg, who felt that, as a clergyman, Louis was not suited to inherit the dukedom and its revenues.