She was orphaned at the age of 11 and subsequently raised as the ward of her uncle, Jean Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, at Pentemont Abbey.

At court, she was aligned with the so-called parti dévot, a faction opposed to the influence of Madame de Pompadour over Louis XV.

[1] Following the French Revolution, she emigrated briefly to England with the assistance of du Barry, but returned prior to 1 January 1792 to avoid being accused of the crime of lèse-nation.

During the 1793 trial of du Barry, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville linked Louise-Félicité with the former king's mistress and she was arrested.

On 1 February 1794, the Committee of General Security ordered that Louise-Félicité be transferred to the so-called English prison in Paris.