Characteristic trees in disturbed forests are Bombax ceiba together with Albizia procera, Duabanga sonneratioides, Cinnamomum cassia, Durio zibethinus, Acer palmatum, Cathaya argyrophylla, Taiwania flousiana, Cyathea spinulosa, Sassafras tzumu, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Castanea mollissima, Quercus acutissima, Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus acuta, Quercus glauca, Machilus thunbergii, Tetracentron, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Emmenopterys henryi, Eucommia ulmoides, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Ficus benghalensis, Gnetum gnemon, Mangifera indica, Toona ciliata, Toona sinensis, Cocos nucifera, Tetrameles nudiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata, Camphora officinarum, Tsuga dumosa, Ulmus lanceifolia, Juniperus communis, and Sterculia villosa.

Where annual fires occur frequently during the dry season, fire-hardy trees and shrubs Zizyphus mauritiana, Madhuca latifolia, Aegle marmelos, Butea monosperma, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis, Ziziphus spina-christi, Olea europaea, Balanites aegyptiaca, Cupressus sempervirens, Vachellia tortilis, Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera, Phoenix sylvestris, Salix alba, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Quercus coccifera, Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia terebinthus, Pinus pinea, Pinus nigra, Ceratonia siliqua, Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Laurus nobilis, Vachellia flava, Senegalia senegal, Prosopis cineraria, Pinus halepensis, Aerva javanica, Prunus amygdalus, Vachellia jacquemontii, Vachellia nilotica, Balanites roxburghii, Capparis decidua, Capparis zeylanica, Cordia sinensis, Tamarix aphylla, Juniperus communis, Ziziphus nummularia, Ziziphus jujuba, Corylus avellana, Juglans regia, and Ochna pumila are common.

[1] Riparian forests are typically an Acacia-Dalbergia association, with Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizia procera, Bombax ceiba, and Sterculia villosa.

They include threatened species like the tiger (Panthera tigris), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), gaur (Bos gaurus), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), and great Indian civet (Viverra zibetha).

[1] The ecoregion is home to 380 species of birds species, including the Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus), Pallas's fish-eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), swamp francolin (Francolinus gularis), Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris), and Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris).