Spermophila anoxantha (protonym) The yellow-shouldered grassquit (Loxipasser anoxanthus) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae that is endemic to Jamaica.

The yellow-shouldered grassquit was formally described in 1847 by the English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse as the "Yellow-back finch" in his book The Birds of Jamaica.

[2] The species was moved to the genus Loxipasser by the naturalist Henry Bryant in 1866.

[3] The genus name combines the word Loxia introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for the crossbills with Passer introduced by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 for the sparrows.

[5] Although the yellow-shouldered grassquit was traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae,[6] molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that this species is a member of the subfamily Coerebinae within the tanager family Thraupidae.