Cities and towns of greatest historic importance are Lublin, Chełm, Kazimierz Dolny and Zamość.

In the 17th century, there were sizeable Scottish communities in Lublin and Zamość,[5] and also a smaller one in Opole Lubelskie.

The Jews tended to settle mostly in the cities and towns, with only individual families setting up businesses in the rural regions; this urban/rural division became another factor feeding resentment of the newly arrived economic competitors.

By the middle of the 18th century, Jews were a significant part of the population in Kraśnik, Lubartów and Łęczna.

Israel's brother, the Nobel prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer, was not born in Biłgoraj but lived part of his life in the city.

Polish people were also victims of German persecution and crimes, including the AB-Aktion, Aktion T4 and Operation Zamość with deportations to Nazi concentration camps, forced labour, kidnapping of children and massacres in the region.

There were also German prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, French, Italian, Dutch, Belgian, Senegalese and Soviet prisoners of war in Chełm, Dęblin, Biała Podlaska, Zamość, Kaliłów with several forced labour subcamps, where many died from starvation, epidemics or were massacred.

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 18.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 3.7% of Polish economic output.

There are seven Historic Monuments of Poland and one World Heritage Site in the voivodeship: There are also many more castles and palaces in the region, including in Adampol, Biała Podlaska, Janowiec, Kock, Lubartów, Łabunie, Łabuńki Pierwsze, Radzyń Podlaski.

The Chapel of the Holy Trinity at the Lublin Royal Castle contains some of the oldest and best preserved medieval frescoes in Poland.

Chełm contains the Chełm Chalk Tunnels, a system of tunnels dug into the chalk under the city, a unique structure in Europe, whereas Lublin offers an underground tourist route in historic cellars under the Old Town Market Square.

various types of kiełbasa, bacon and kaszanka), beverages and various dishes and meals, officially protected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland.

Traditional non-alcoholic drinks include various types of juices, tea, syrups, and hot chocolate from Lublin.

Lublin Voivodeship (Województwo Lubelskie) was one of the administrative regions of the interwar Second Polish Republic.