Heinrich Ludwig Freiherr von Gleichen-Rußwurm (25 October 1836, Castle Greifenstein in Unterfranken - 9 July 1901, Weimar) was a German impressionist painter and graphic artist who was one of the pioneers of that style in Germany.
He was the only child of Baron Adalbert von Gleichen-Rußwurm and his wife Emilie, Friedrich Schiller's youngest daughter.
He first attended school in Meiningen, where his family spent the winter and his father had a seat in the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen's advisory legislature.
During a stay in Frankfurt, he met the Baroness Elisabeth von Thienen-Adlerflycht, daughter of the Danish chargé d'affaires, and they were married in 1859.
Together with Alexander, he participated in creating the Goethe-Schiller Archive, donating items from his family's collection.