[1] The city contains Luxembourg Castle, established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.

[3] In 2024, Luxembourg was ranked by the IMF as having the highest GDP per capita in the world at $140,310 (PPP),[4] with the city having developed into a banking and administrative centre.

In the 2019 Mercer worldwide survey of 231 cities, Luxembourg was placed first for personal safety, while it was ranked 18th for quality of living.

Through an exchange treaty with the abbey of Saint Maximin in Trier in 963, Siegfried I of the Ardennes, a close relative of King Louis II of France and Emperor Otto the Great, acquired the feudal lands of Luxembourg.

By the end of the 12th century, as the city expanded westward around the new St. Nicholas Church (today the Cathedral of Notre Dame), new walls were built that included an area of 5 hectares (12 acres).

Under the 1815 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Napoleonic Wars, Luxembourg City was placed under Prussian military control as a part of the German Confederation, although sovereignty passed to the House of Orange-Nassau, in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Their demolition took sixteen years, cost 1.5 million gold francs, and required the destruction of over 24 km (15 mi) of underground defences and 4 hectares (9.9 acres) of casemates, batteries, barracks, etc.

On 30 August, Helmuth von Moltke moved his headquarters to Luxembourg City, closer to his armies in France in preparation for a swift victory.

[12] The Avenue de la Liberté for example, a major road leading to the railway station, was renamed "Adolf-Hitlerstraße".

Luxembourg City is subdivided into twenty-four quarters (French: quartiers), which cover the commune in its entirety.

[citation needed] Luxembourg City has an oceanic climate (Cfb), with moderate precipitation, cold to cool winters and warm summers.

Since the last elections the mayor leads the cabinet, the College of Aldermen, in which the DP forms a coalition with the CSV.

The event was an attempt to promote mobility and the exchange of ideas, crossing borders in all areas, physical, psychological, artistic and emotional.

[citation needed] Luxembourg City is also famed for its wide selection of restaurants and cuisines, including four Michelin starred establishments.

Luxembourg City, play in the country's highest league, the BGL Ligue, and second-tier, Division of Honour, respectively.

Places of interest include the Gothic Revival Cathedral of Notre Dame, the fortifications, Am Tunnel (an art gallery underground), the Grand Ducal Palace, the Gëlle Fra war memorial, the casemates, the Neimënster Abbey, the Place d'Armes, the Adolphe Bridge and the city hall.

This cemetery is the final resting place of 5,076 American military dead, including General George S. Patton.

[citation needed] Public transport in Luxembourg City has been free since 2020, including rail, bus and tram.

Additionally, Luxembourg station is connected to the French LGV Est network, providing high-speed services on to Paris and Strasbourg.

There is also a free bus service linking the Glacis to Luxembourg station, the "Joker Line" for seniors, and a "City night network".

In December 2017, trams were reintroduced to the capital, with the phased opening of a new line, which currently runs between Kirchberg and Gasperich, via the city centre.

Accessibility to the airport, situated in the commune of Sandweiler, 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) from the city centre, is provided via the municipal bus network, with a tram connection due to be completed on 2 March 2025.

[37] The airport is the principal hub for Luxembourg's flag carrier, Luxair, and one of the world's largest cargo airlines, Cargolux.

[38] Luxembourg is a member of the QuattroPole union of cities, along with Trier, Saarbrücken, and Metz (neighbouring countries: Germany and France).