The Musée du Luxembourg (French pronunciation: [myze dy lyksɑ̃buʁ]) is a museum at 19 rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris.

Established in 1750, it was initially an art museum located in the east wing of the Luxembourg Palace (the matching west wing housed the Marie de' Medici cycle by Peter Paul Rubens) and in 1818 became the first museum of contemporary art.

[1][2] From 1750 to 1780 it was the first public painting gallery in Paris, displaying the King's collection which included Titian's Madonna of the Rabbit, Da Vinci's Holy Family (either The Virgin and Child with St. Anne or Virgin of the Rocks) and nearly a hundred other Old Master works now forming the nucleus of the Louvre.

In 1803, the Musée du Luxembourg reopened showing paintings by a range of artists from Nicolas Poussin to Jacques-Louis David.

Much of the work first shown here has found its way into other museums of Paris including the Jeu de Paume, the Orangerie, and ultimately the Musée National d'Art Moderne and the Musée d'Orsay.