The municipality is limited in the north by Valparaíso de Goiás and Novo Gama; in the south by Orizona and Ipameri; in the west by Santo Antônio do Descoberto, Alexânia, and Silvânia; and in the east by Cristalina.

The economy is also strong in cattle raising (187,000 head in 2006), both for meat and dairy, as well as semi-precious stones, gravel, bricks, and a well-known sweet made from quince.

In a study made by the Secretaria do Planejamento e Desenvolvimento (Seplan) Luziânia was ranked in seventh place in the state in competitiveness.

[2] The municipality is rich in gold, rock crystals and hardwoods like jatobá, aroeira, peroba, and angico are still found in the fast disappearing forests, now existing mainly on the river banks.

In July 2007 there were two institutions of higher learning: a private school—Faculdades Integradas do Planalto Central-FIPLAC; and a campus of the state university—Unidade Universitária da UEG.