Lwów School of Mathematics

The mathematicians often met at the famous Scottish Café[1] to discuss mathematical problems, and published in the journal Studia Mathematica, founded in 1929.

The school was renowned for its productivity and its extensive contributions to subjects such as point-set topology, set theory and functional analysis.

[2] Many of the mathematicians, especially those of Jewish background, fled this southeastern part of Poland in 1941 when it became clear that it would be invaded by Germany.

Few of the mathematicians survived World War II, but after the war a group including some of the original community carried on their work in western Poland's Wrocław, the successor city to prewar Lwów; see Polish population transfers (1944–1946).

A number of the prewar mathematicians, prominent among them Stanisław Ulam, became famous for work done in the United States.