[3] In these asexual lineages, females can reproduce by a parthenogenetic mechanism, i.e. thelytoky, that involves automixis with central fusion.

[5] Unlike honey bees, however, the Lysiphlebus complementary sex determiner gene is thought to be present in multiple copies.

[6] Asexual females may occasionally produce diploid males, which when mated with sexual females, can convert sexual into asexual lineages, a process which has been dubbed "contagious parthenogenesis".

[8] Most Lysiphlebus species specialize in attacking ant-defended aphid colonies.

[8] They avoid attack by the ants through chemical mimicry of the aphid cuticular hydrocarbons.