In 1865, the first petitions of some neighboring communities were made to the government of the Grand Duchy of Baden, to build a railway from Müllheim to Mulhouse.

The Baden government granted a concession under a 30 March 1872 law "concerning the creation of a railway from Müllheim to Neuenburg and possibly to Mulhouse.

The German railways rebuilt the bridge with a single track for military purposes in 1940 and 1941 and reopened it to traffic on 15 August 1941.

The German troops destroyed the railway bridge again during their retreat on 9 February 1945 by an order by Adolf Hitler.

[5] After a three-week trial operation, the opening ceremony was held for the resumption of passenger services on 27 August 2006.

The railway companies of France, Germany and Switzerland proposed, in a memorandum prepared in 2003 and called Trinationale platform Basiliensis, that goods originating in France and Switzerland and continuing on the German Rhine Valley Railway use the Müllheim-Mulhouse route as the preferred future option for bypassing the bottleneck in Basel.

[8] There have been demands from the Upper Rhine region for an extension of the LGV Rhin-Rhône TGV line, which was commissioned in 2011, to Freiburg.

As part of the preliminary studies for the 2003 Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan (Bundesverkehrswegeplan), an upgrade of the section on the German side of the Rhine to two tracks and permitting speeds of up to 160 km/h was estimated to cost €40 million.

[8] Since 9 December 2012, there have been up to seven services daily between Müllheim and Mulhouse, with at least one pair of trains running directly to and from Freiburg Hauptbahnhof.

[11] After the completion of the third and fourth tracks as part of the Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed line, an hourly service from Mulhouse via Müllheim and Freiburg to Sasbach is envisaged under the Breisgau S-Bahn 2020 proposal.