The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

The town gained fame in the first half of the 16th century thanks to viticulture, the origins of which date back to the end of the 9th century, but the preconditions for its real development were created only by Charles IV, who brought vines from Burgundy to Mělník.

Mělník became moderately involved in the Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620), and was punished by confiscation of property and gradual re-Catholicization.

Mělník had to deal with enemy military incursions, especially the Saxons and the Swedes; it was also affected by devastating fires (1646, 1652, 1681) and by plague.

Every year, at the end of September, a wine festival is held in Mělník on the Feast of St.

It is said that Ludmila subsequently had vines brought from Moravia and planted not far from her birthplace, the fortified settlement of Pšov, today's Mělník.

Ludmila's grandson St. Wenceslaus personally took care of the vineyards, and became the patron saint of winemakers.

[8] Mělník is one of the largest river ports in the Czech Republic and a place of container transshipment.

The landmark of the square is the town hall with Renaissance archways, Gothic bay window of the Chapel of St. Barbara, and Baroque tower.

The Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers with the building of former Capuchin monastery are also located on the square.

Other major reconstructions were made and the fires in 1555 and 1681, when renaissance gables and the baroque dome of a gothic tower were damaged.

Near the castle there is Villa Carola, where the town library is located, which is a part of the Culture Centre of Mělník.