During Yang Zengxin's reign in Xinjiang, Ma was appointed as a military commander, and then Titai of Kashgar.

[2] After the fall of the Qing dynasty he started working for Yang Zengxin and recruited Dungan troops for him in 1911, and was posted in 1916 to Kashgar.

He kept a harem of Uighur wives, and a hay cutting machine for severing the limbs of his victims.

[5] He also established government monopolies over industries such as petroleum, and made people purchase paraffin wax.

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