Peru is the first Latin American country that China established formal ties with, which was done by the Qing dynasty in August 1875.

Relations between both nations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers—the Confucius Institute.

[2] Relations were established more than 160 years ago, intertwined with local social imageries, power structure, and narratives.

[3][5][6] Relations between both states started with the Coolie Trade and matured during the ‘Hundred Years weakness and poverty’ (Wang, 1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the impoverished Qing China, followed by a republic divided by civil wars and invaded by Japan.

RE014, agreeing to change the name of "Far East Trade Center" to "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Peru".

In 1870, the Governor of Hong Kong, Richard Graves MacDonnell, accused the Peruvian consul in China, César A. del Río, of being involved in this trade after it was outlawed.

This resulted on the opening of a Commercial Office in Beijing on September of the following year as a prelude of the formalisation of relations in November.

This meant that from 1860 onwards, a second wave of Chinese immigration to Peru took place with Macau serving as its exclusive starting point.

[27] A year before, the Overseas Ministry had prohibited the trade of coolies to Peru and Cuba due to the conditions they were subject to upon arrival.