9 and Bridge between Madison and Mahoning Townships are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

[4] Madison Township appears in the 1876 Atlas of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania.

[6] Madison Township is located along the northern edge of Armstrong County and is bordered on three sides by waterways: Mahoning Creek to the south, the Allegheny River to the south and west, and Redbank Creek According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 30.9 square miles (80.1 km2), of which 30.0 square miles (77.8 km2) is land and 0.89 square miles (2.3 km2), or 2.87%, is water.

[3] A portion of Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 287 is located in the south of Madison Township.

26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.