In Madoi County is the upper stream of the Yellow River which flows to Ngoring and Gyaring lake.

With an elevation of around 4,300 m (14,000 ft), Madoi County has an alpine climate (Köppen EH), with long, bitterly cold and very dry winters, and brief, rainy, cool summers.

Average low temperatures are below freezing from early September to mid June; however, due to the wide diurnal temperature variation, average highs are only below freezing from early November thru mid March.

Nearly three-fourths of the annual precipitation of 332 mm (13.1 in) is delivered from June to September.

Madoi is divided into two towns and two townships: This Qinghai location article is a stub.