At the 2009 Hobart International, Rybáriková defeated the top-seed Flavia Pennetta, in straight sets, in the quarterfinals for her first win over a top-15 player.

She won the first of her four WTA Tour singles titles at Birmingham in June, defeating Li Na,[3] before reaching the third round of the US Open.

Rybáriková won her second WTA singles title at the 2011 Cellular South Cup and her third at the 2012 Washington Open.

[6] During the Fed Cup tie versus the Netherlands, Rybáriková lost her singles matches to Arantxa Rus and Kiki Bertens.

[9] In Mexico at the Abierto Mexicano, Rybáriková reached the quarterfinals where she lost to top seed Maria Sharapova.

[17] Rybáriková started the grass-court season at the Nottingham Open seeded seventh, losing in the first round to the British wildcard Johanna Konta.

[21] At the Wimbledon Championships, Rybáriková upset eighth seed Ekaterina Makarova in her second-round match.

[30] She returned in March to compete at the Monterrey Open where she lost in the first round to top seed Sara Errani.

She suffered a leg injury in her quarterfinal match and was defeated by 13th seed and eventual champion Victoria Azarenka.

[32] As the top seed at the Slovak Open, Rybáriková retired with a knee injury during her first-round match against her compatriot Viktória Kužmová.

[34] Rybáriková played one grass-court event before Wimbledon at the Nottingham Open where she upset sixth seed Heather Watson in the first round.

[35] She retired in her second-round match against lucky loser Tamira Paszek due to a knee injury.

[37] Rybáriková was absent for the rest of the year owing to wrist and knee surgeries, and ended the season ranked 156.

Rybáriková returned to the tour after a seven-month absence in February 2017 and by March her ranking had dropped to world No.

The grass-court season culminated in her reaching the semifinals at the Wimbledon Championships, having never before advanced beyond the third round of any major event.

[46] At the Australian Open, Rybáriková was defeated in the first round by eighth seed and eventual finalist, Petra Kvitová.

[50] Beginning her clay-court season at the Rabat Grand Prix, Rybáriková was defeated in the first round by qualifier Ysaline Bonaventure.

[53] At the Nottingham Open, she retired during her first-round match against Astra Sharma due to a respiratory infection.

At the Wimbledon Championships, she stunned tenth seed Aryna Sabalenka in her first-round match[55] before she was defeated in the second round by qualifier Coco Gauff.