Further migration followed the fall of Wiman Joseon and establishment of the Chinese commanderies in the Korean Peninsula[5][6][7][8][9] region in 108 BC.

Baekje eventually absorbed or conquered all of Mahan by the 5th century,[13] growing into one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, along with Silla and Goguryeo.

Their national town has a dominant leader, but the people's settlements are scattered, and they are not readily subject to regulation and control.

For their dwellings they make grass-roofed earth-chambers shaped like tumuli; the door is on the top, and a whole family lives together inside, with no distinction as to old or young, male or female...

When there is something to be done within their community up to the point where the authorities have walls built, all the young braves and stalwarts gouge out the skin of their backs to string themselves together with a large rope, or, again, they insert through their shin wooden poles about a zhang in length.

Moreover on the large islands in the sea west of Mahan there are outlanders, very short and small people whose language is not the same as that of the Han.

That historical view was previously given by Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, a noted Confucian scholar and historian in the late Silla period.

In the late Joseon period, that historical notion came under criticism by early Silhak scholar Han Baek-gyeom, who emphasized the linkage between Mahan and Baekje in terms of the geographical location.