Mahbub Ali Khan (Bengali: মাহবুব আলী খান; 3 November 1934 – 6 August 1984) was a Bangladesh Navy rear admiral and the chief of naval staff from 1979 until his death in 1984.

Khan was born into a wealthy Bengali Muslim zamindar family on 3 November 1934 in Jalalpur, Sylhet District (present-day Bangladesh) located in the British Raj's Assam Province.

Ahmad Ali Khan was also the president of the Assam Congress and represented the All-India Muslim League party as a member of the Legislative Assembly.

A graduate of the Aliah University, he was also the personal physician to the Bihari Shia lawyer-politician Syed Hasan Imam, the top barrister of the Calcutta High Court and leader of the Indian National Congress.

His grand-uncle, Ghazanfar Ali Khan OBE ICS, was the first Muslim Cambridge graduate from Assam and Bengal.

For higher training he went to finish his graduation at Britannia Royal Naval College in Dartmouth, England.

From 1967 to 1968, he served the Pakistan Navy as the Joint Chiefs' Secretariat staff officer in the Defence Ministry in Rawalpindi.

Under presidency of Ziaur Rahman, Khan become the assistant chief of naval staff (operations and personnel) of the Bangladesh Navy in February 1976.

Being operating commander, In December 1976, Khan oversaw the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom which sold a Salisbury class frigate to Bangladesh which came to be known as BNS Umar Farooq.

Although it was uninhabited and there were no permanent settlements or stations located in the sandbar, both India and Bangladesh claimed sovereignty because of speculation over the existence of oil and natural gas in the region.

After winning the 1979 general election and democratically legitimizing his position as president, Zia lifted the martial law that had been in effect in the country since 1975.

Even after General Ershad took over the presidency in December 1983, Khan continued in this ministerial role in the Ministry of Communications until 1 June 1984.