His father, Harinarayan Tarkasiddhanta, and his two uncles, Guruprasad Tarkapanchanan and Thakurdas Churamani, were well-known Pandits.

He had a daughter, Manorama, and three sons — Manmatha Nath Vidyaratna Bhattacharyya, who was born in April 1863 and was the first Indian Accountant General of Madras; Munindra Nath Bhattacharyya, born in February 1868 who served as a Vakil of the High Court of Calcutta; and Mahima Nath Bhattacharyya, born in April 1870, who became the first Indian Collector in the Excise Department of the Government of India.

He has also written numerous pamphlets, including remarks on Dayananda Saravati's Veda-Bhashya, Tulasidharan Mimansa, and The Authorship of Mrichchhakatika and Lupta Samvatsara.

The title of Mahamahopadhyay was conferred as a personal distinction on 16 February 1887, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the reign of Queen Victoria, for eminence in oriental learning.

[2] Nyayratna Lane[3] and Manmatha Bhattacharyya Street in Shyambazar, North Kolkata are named after him.