[2] Mahidol offers a range of graduate (primarily international) and undergraduate programs, from the natural sciences to the liberal arts, with remote campuses in Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Sawan, and Amnat Charoen provinces.

At the former palace (the present-day Bangkok Noi campus at Siriraj Hospital, the school offered a three-year medical certification course.

After a visit by King Chulalongkorn and Queen Saovabha Phongsri, it was renamed the Royal Medical College (Thai: ราชแพทยาลัย).

Construction of the Salaya campus began in 1975, but was delayed due to the political situation and financial constraints.

Later development of the university, centered on the Salaya campus, diverged from the health sciences to meet Thailand's academic demands.

MU is part of the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL) and is a national research university, designated by the Ministry of Education under Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva.

[10] According to Quacquarelli Symonds' 2010 Asian ranking,[11] MU was 228th in the world, 28th in Asia, and Thailand's top university.

Both programs offer a Bachelor of Arts degree, and EMP has three majors: film, TV, and animation.

The Mahidol University Applied and Technological Service Center serves the public and private sectors and supports research.

[20] A dental unit at the Faculty of Dentistry and the Golden Jubilee Medical Center at Salaya serves about 340,000 patients a year.

[21] Mahidol University Library and Information Center (MULIC) contains an automated library system with cyber-linked branches on MU's campuses; over 1,100,000 books, theses, research reports, and bound journals; 1,200 printed journals, 15,000 electronic journals and 16,000 electronic books; 13,000 audiovisual materials; hundreds of computer terminals and multimedia viewing equipment, and online reference services, multi-database searching and document-delivery services.

[23] The multi-purpose, 2,000-seat Prince Mahidol Hall, on the Salaya campus, was completed in 2014 and is used for graduation ceremonies, music performances and conferences.

[25] The suburban Salaya campus covers 520 acres (210 ha) of semi-rural land in Nakhon Pathom Province, within easy reach of central Bangkok.

It is currently the main campus, housing most academic and research departments and supporting facilities including the office of the president, the central and multiple faculty libraries, science and computer laboratories, indoor stadiums, a sports complex, the Student Union, shops, cafeterias, student dormitories and condominiums.

Facilities include a library, computer labs, study rooms, cafeteria, shops and a gym.

The Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute (CNMI), part of the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, is in the Bang Phli District of Samut Prakan Province.

The Amnat Charoen campus, completed in 2009, offers undergraduate programs in Agricultural Science, Innovation for Social and Environmental Management, and Public Health.