[4][6] A RAND study in 2005 estimated that production of 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m3/d) of oil (5.4 million tons/year) would theoretically require a dedicated power generating capacity of 1.2 gigawatts (10 billion kWh/year), assuming deposit richness of 25 US gallons (95 L; 21 imp gal) per ton, with 100% pyrolysis efficiency, and 100% extraction of pyrolysis products.

Shell estimates that the footprint of extraction operations would be similar to that for conventional oil and gas drilling.

Production of 50,000 bbl/day would require that land be developed at a rate on the order of 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi) per year.

[11] In 2006, Shell received a Bureau of Land Management lease to pursue a large demonstration with a capacity of 1,500 barrels per day (240 m3/d); Shell has since dropped those plans and is planning a test based on ICP that would produce a total of minimum 1,500 barrels (240 m3), together with nahcolite, over a seven-year period.

However, IEI has also announced that any subsequent projects would not use ICP technology, but would instead utilize horizontal wells and hot gas heating methods.

[14] In Jordan, Shell subsidiary JOSCO plans to use ICP technology to achieve commercial production by the "late 2020s.