Starting his career as a player, he received offers from prominent clubs of the time, such as Tổng cục Đường sắt and Công an Hà Nội.

For a long time, Mai Đức Chung served as the top assistant to coach Alfred Riedl in the men's national football team.

After losing the semi-final match at the 2007 Southeast Asian Games against the Myanmar U-23 team, the VFF fired Alfred Riedl, and Mai Đức Chung replaced him as the head coach.

[5] In May 2009, Mai Đức Chung was unexpectedly appointed head coach of Becamex Bình Dương football club.

[6] His achievement during his first stint in charge was leading the team to the semi-finals of the 2009 AFC Cup, marking the best performance by a Vietnamese football club in the continental competition to date.

In April 2010, after the first 8 rounds of the 2010 V-League season, the leadership of Becamex Bình Dương was dissatisfied with the team's performance, as they were in 4th place on the table at the time.

[7] In 2015, Mai Đức Chung returned to Becamex Bình Dương in the middle of the season to replace his predecessor, Lê Thụy Hải, as the team's technical director.

Under his guidance, Bình Dương quickly regained their form and successfully defended the V.League championship, securing their second consecutive title and fourth in the club's history.

Under Mai Đức Chung, the Vietnamese women's team reached the semi-finals and finished 4th at the 2014 ASIAD, their best achievement at the Games to date.

[15][16] His successes with the women's team continued as they won gold medals at the 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023 Southeast Asian Games, along with the 2019 AFF Cup title.

[20][21] After achieving unprecedented success with the women's team, Mai Đức Chung expressed his desire to step down and not participate in the upcoming 2023 World Cup.