MSSM is an all-residential boarding school with a total capacity of 156 students.

[3] After the announcement that Loring Air Force Base would be closed, funding from the Defense Reauthorization Bill provided for the creation of the Maine School of Science and Mathematics at the site of Limestone High School, which was going to lose many of its students upon the closure of the base.

Due to their small size and physical proximity, the two schools also share most of their sports teams.

[dubious – discuss] In 2014, the school acquired a new dormitory, dubbed "Limestone Manor", in the center of town.

[5] Chartered and funded by the Maine Legislature,[6] MSSM opened with a pioneer class in 1995.