The Treuchtlingen–Würzburg railway is a 140 km long main line in the northwest of the German state of Bavaria.

The line was built in three sections: Ansbach initially had no connection with the Ludwig South-North Railway, completed between Nuremberg and Augsburg in 1849.

From Uffenheim to Treuchtlingen they are organised by the Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg (Greater Nuremberg Transport Association, VGN) The line formerly had an important role for German north–south long-distance trains.

Even now, some pairs of Intercity-Express trains continue to run between Hamburg and Bremen and Munich without stopping between Würzburg and Augsburg.

When the timetable changed in December 2022, Go-Ahead Bayern, which had won the tender for Lot 1 of the Augsburg networks, took over the operation of local transport for twelve years.

Many freight trains run on the line from Würzburg to Munich and Nuremberg; the capacity is insufficient in places today.