A majority of voting shares (over 50%) is always a controlling interest.
When a party holds less than the majority of the voting shares, other present circumstances can be considered to determine whether that party is still considered to hold a controlling ownership interest.
[1] In the United States, Delaware corporations have a 2/3 vote requirement for a motion to pass.
[citation needed] In theory, this could mean that a controlling interest would have to be over two-thirds of the voting shares.
A 2019 study published in the Virginia Law Review said dual-class stock structures, common to newly public technology companies, creates governance risks and costs, including the potential loss of economic value for non-voting shares held by public investors.