Maliamia ("Malian bowfin") is an extinct genus of amiid ray-finned fish from the Early Eocene, known from fragmentary remains found in the Tamaguélelt Formation of Mali.

During the Eocene, much of northwest Africa was covered by the Trans-Saharan Seaway, an inland sea estimated to have been approximately 50 meters deep.

Global temperatures and the sea level were higher than they are today, and Maliamia lived in warm, tropical waters.

Other fishes from its environment included Pycnodus jonesae, Lavocatodus giganteus, Myliobatis wurnoensis, Stratodus apicalis, Nigerium tamaguelense, and Brychaetus sp.

Additionally, it shared its environment with reptiles such as the giant marine snake Palaeophis colossaeus which was, like Maliamia, among the biggest species in its clade.