It runs through what is now protected as the Manu National Park, a vast Biosphere Reserve, home to arguably the highest concentration of biodiversity on Earth.

Much of the park is off-limits to all but permitted scientists and the indigenous groups of Amazonian Indians, mostly of the Machiguenga tribe.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this area of what was organized as the Madre de Dios region was exploited for the production of rubber during the rubber boom, with workers brought in by Brazilian, Bolivian and Peruvian interests.

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