When the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was founded in 1969, rallying various Maoist tendencies into a unified organisation, some groups retained a separate identity and remained outside of CPI(ML).
The group began armed activities in the Jangal Mahal area, Burdwan district, West Bengal, where Dalits and Adivasis constituted large sections of the local population.
However, in spite of several years of political and armed activities, the group failed to make a breakthrough in the Jangal Mahal area.
Soon it began activities in eastern Bihar, and for this purpose an apex Bengal-Bihar Special Area Committee was set up by the MCC.
Mass organisations of MCC included Krantikari Kisan Committee (Revolutionary Peasants Committee), Jana Suraksha Sangarsh Manch (People's Defence Struggle Bloc), Krantikarai Buddhijevi Sangh and Krantikari Chhatra League (Revolutionary Students League).
[4] In rural Bihar the party had become a major force to reckon with in some areas under leadership of Sushil Roy alias Som.
At times it also clashed with other Naxalite groups, such as when MCC militia killed 5 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation members in Jehanabad district on 4 April 1994.
[6] In January 2003 the MCC and the Punjab-based Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Maoist) led by Shamsher Singh Sheri merged.