María García Torrecillas

Part of a generation of young people from Almeria seeking better opportunities in Catalonia, García and her sister moved to Barcelona to join their older brother.

The fall of Barcelona in January 1939 made García part of the first large wave of people to flee the city towards the French border.

Once arriving at the Argelès-sur-Mer concentration camp in France, García found herself pregnant in a situation where it was very difficult to give birth.

She would also assist Jewish and Polish women fleeing Nazi persecution in Vichy France by forging papers and changing names so they could more easily hide in the Spanish Republican refugee population.

In 1943, García left on a Portuguese flagged ship, Serpapinto, full of Spanish refugees for Mexico to find the father of her son.

After Mexico City was hit by a devastating earthquake in 1985, García and her husband moved to Monterrey to be close to her son.

The time in 2007 was to receive an award on the Andalusia Day from the Junta de Andalucía for her work in helping Spanish women during the Civil War.

[6] As a child, García attended her Townhall Republican School (Spanish: escuela que el Ayuntamiento republicano).

[7] Shortly before the start of the Spanish Civil War, the 20-year-old moved with her sister to Barcelona in 1936 to work in a yarn factory.

She received her father's permission before going to Barcelona to join their older brother, and his family which included two small children.

[6] During her free time, she volunteered to assist the ill and infirm at a hospital run by International Red Aid.

While working at the factory, she had to deal with the daily reality of Franco allied Italian forces bombings of her city.

[13][14] As part of the great exodus of people, García's trek to France was done alongside classmates, colleagues and friends via foot.

The group first headed towards Girona, follow en route the whole time by Italian bombers who made it difficult to sleep.

In Puigcerdá, near the border, García met up with her boyfriend Teófilo Seaz, and friends María Gil and Angelita.

[3][4][15]  In January 1939, the Argelès-sur-Mer camp was ringed with barbed wire, and guarded by soldiers on horseback who were trying to prevent their escape.

[2][3][5][6] García regularized her relationship with Sáez, which enabled them to move to the camp in Saint Cebriá de Rosselló for married couples.

[3][4]  The Swiss being in charge in turn provided opportunities for Spanish women to volunteer more and to get access to better maternity care.

Working in the ward enabled Spanish women to get access to mail from Spain, more food and more privileges.

[3] The Elna Maternity Ward served women with a wide array of feminine identities, which merged because of a common struggle.

[3][12][15] Working with Eidemberg and other women in Elne, García was nearly caught by the Gestapo many times, while still managing to assist with 600 births of children who may not have survived otherwise.

[9] After two and a half years in exile in France, in 1943, García finally decided she wanted to re-unite with her partner Teófilo Sáez in Mexico and so left on a Portuguese flagged ship, Serpapinto, full of Spanish refugees.

[3] When García arrived in Veracruz, Mexico, after several days of searching, she found Teófilo living with another woman who was pregnant.

The knowledge she learned while working in France enabled her to bring maternity practices to Mexico that were unknown at the time.

[2][12][15] Later, García went back to working with textiles, slowly saving up money to try to assist her brothers to join her in Mexico.

Her son was living in Monterrey at the time, and the couple decided because of the earthquake to join him in the city in order to be closer to them.

[12] García was honored with a tribute by Junta de Andalucía in 2007 for her work during the Spanish Civil War, receiving the award on the Andalusia Day.