Previously, she also served as the first High Commissioner for the Fight against Child Poverty from June to September 2018, a position within the Office of the Prime Minister.

[6] She revalidated its seat in the 2008 general election[7] but she resigned after the Public Administrations Minister, Elena Salgado, offered her to be the President of the Evaluation and Quality Agency, an office that she accepted and occupied until the 2011 general election,[8] revalidating its seat again but losing the office of President of the Agency after the change of government.

In February 2016, she was one of the chosen by the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party, Pedro Sánchez to negotiate with other parliamentary groups in an effort to make a new government.

With the successful no-confidence motion against Mariano Rajoy in June 2018, Pedro Sánchez became Prime Minister of Spain and gave her his trust again appointing her as High Commissioner for the Fight against Child Poverty, an office that she held until September 2018, when the Health Minister Carmen Montón resigned and she was promoted to that office.

[12] In September 2018, Pedro Sánchez appointed her as Minister of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare of the Government of Spain after the resignation of her predecessor, Carmen Montón.

[13] A few days after that affirmation, the Health Ministry ordered the withdrawal of thousands of homeopathic products from market,[14] something that hundreds of scientists had asked a few months earlier.