The vast majority of the Christian population returned to Aleppo by the end of the 15th century.

[3] The church is mentioned by the Italian explorer Pietro Della Valle who visited Aleppo in 1625.

The Church Our Lady of Syrians continued to serve as the main cathedral of the Syriac Catholic prelacy, the diocese of Aleppo, until 1970 when the new Cathedral of Our Lady of Assumption was opened in the central parts of the city of Aleppo, thus moving the prelacy to the newly built cathedral.

During its existence, the church was damaged twice: the first disaster was in October 1850 during the Aleppo massacre of 1850.

[4] The church was damaged for the second time in its history, during the Syrian civil war when the belfry which dates back to 1881 was destroyed after being shelled by the armed groups of the Free Syrian Army on 16 September 2012.