Maria Pavlovna Chekhova (Russian: Мари́я Па́вловна Че́хова) was a Russian teacher, artist, founder of the Chekhov Memorial House museum in Yalta, and a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

From 1886 to 1904 she read lectures on history and geography in Rzhevskaya's private gymnasium for girls.

In 1903 she was the recipient of a gold medal on the Saint Stanislaus ribbon for assiduity in education.

After the death of Anton Chekhov, she dedicated her life to the collection and publication of the literary heritage of her brother.

In 1944 the Soviet government awarded Maria Chekhova with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for her many years of work at the Chekhov Museum in Yalta and for her contribution to the publication of Chekhov's literary heritage.