Maria Theresia von Ahlefeldt (16 January 1755 – 20 December 1810) was a German born aristocrat and a Danish composer.

[2] She grew in a cultural environment at the princely court in Regensburg, which was a centre of French, German and Italian opera, theatre, ballet, pantomimes and concerts.

She was instructed in clavecin playing with her sisters and displayed an early talent of music composition.

[5] From 1780, Maria Theresia's spouse was Marshal at the Court of Ansbach, where she was active in the amateur theatre of Elizabeth Craven.

Maria Theresia composed music for several ballets, operas, and plays of the royal theatre.