[1][4] Vorontsova was born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg),[5] the elder daughter of Vladimir Putin and Lyudmila Putina (née Shkrebneva).

[6] Later, during violent gang wars involving the Tambov Gang while it was taking control of Saint Petersburg's energy trade, she and her sister Katerina were sent by their father, who feared for their safety, to Germany where their legal guardian was former Stasi Matthias Warnig, who had worked with their father in Dresden as part of a KGB cell and established the Dresdner Bank branch in Saint Petersburg.

[15] In November 2023, Vorontsova was appointed to the board of the Moscow Society of Medical Genetics (Russian: Московское общество медицинских генетиков).

[16][17] According to Russian opposition leader Aleksei Navalny's team, she's earning millions of dollars per year as an employee of the New Medical Company (NOMEKO).

[26][27] In 2014, Dutch residents called for Vorontsova to be expelled from the country after Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down by pro-Russian rebels in Ukraine.