Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (7 January 1638 - 15 February 1687), was a German noblewoman of the House of Welf and by her two marriages Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg.

Born in Brunswick, she was the second of the three children of Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his third wife, Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg.

[citation needed] Marie Elisabeth and her older brother Ferdinand Albert are the only surviving children of their parents' marriage.

They had five sons: Duke Adolf William died on 21 November 1668, leaving his widow heavily pregnant with their fifth and last child.

They had one son: After concluding a definitive treaty of partition with his brothers, in 1680 Albert received Coburg, where he and Marie Elisabeth moved their residence.