Martres-Tolosane (French pronunciation: [maʁtʁ tɔlozan]; Occitan: Martras Tolosana) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, Southwestern France.

The commune is bordered by nine other communes: Terrebasse and Sana to the north, Mondavezan to the northeast, Palaminy to the east, Mauran across the river Garonne to the southeast, Roquefort-sur-Garonne to the south across the river Garonne to the south, Boussens to the southwest, Le Fréchet to the east, and finally by Marignac-Laspeyres to the northwest.

The Roman villa of Chiragan was built on the bank of the Garonne, in the reign of Augustus, on the road from Toulouse to Lugdunum Convenarum and onward to Dax.

When the villa was abandoned, some of its stones were used to used to build the citadel of Angonia probably during the Umayyad invasion of Gaul in the early 8th century.

Martres (or regional variations such as martory, martrois, etc) was an early medieval word of latin origin indicating a cemetery or the resting place of christian martyrs.