Maruful got his big break in 2008 when Mohammedan SC team management appointed him as the head coach of the traditional giant.

The 2011–12 season was disappointing for his team as they finished in fifth place in the professional league and also ended their run in semi-final of Federation Cup.

[13] In the Independence Cup final held on 2 April 2013, Maruf's team defeated Sheikh Jamal DC 3–2.

[14] The team confirmed their domestic treble and Premier League triumph simultaneously, on 1 May 2013, when they defeated eventual runners-up, Shiekh Jamal DC 2–1.

[17] In December 2014, Maruful who initially joined Sheikh Jamal as a technical director was the head coach.

In October 2015, Maruful became the first South Asian to receive a UEFA A license, after completing the final phase of the course from the National Football Centre of England in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire.

[21] In April 2017, Maruful Haque joins Bangladesh Premier League side Arambagh KS.

[22] Maruful led the team to their first-ever domestic silverware in the club's history of about 60 years by defeating defending champion Chittagong Abahani in the final of 2017–18 Independence Cup by 2–0.

[26] In October 2019, Maruful joined Chittagong Abahani as their head coach for the 2019 Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup.

[27] In November 2019, Maruful signed a one-year contract with the port city side for the upcoming season.

[29][30] On 15 March 2020, Maruful's Chittagong Abahani came back from three goals down to win 4–3 against defending champions, Bashundhara Kings, in the eventually abandoned 2019–20 Bangladesh Premier League.

[31] Following the sacking of Jamie Day, Maruful was named the interim head coach of Bangladesh national u-23 team in late September 2021, one month before the 2022 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification.

[32] Despite insufficient preparation time and superior opponents, Maruful showed high hopes of qualifying in the final round before the tournament.

[33] However, the campaign didn't go well for his side as Bangladesh returned home after losing all the three matches without scoring a single goal, including a massive 6–0 defeat against host Uzbekistan.

[34] Maruful's interim duty ended after the AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification and he returned to coach Chittagong Abahani Limited.