Mary Catherine "Molly" Phee (born 1963) is an American diplomat who had served as assistant secretary of state for African affairs.

From 2003 to 2004, Phee served as the senior civilian representative of the Coalition Provisional Authority to Maysan Province, Iraq [3][4] In 2005, Phee moved to New York to serve as counselor for political affairs and deputy Security Council coordinator at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, where on occasion sat in for then-Ambassador John R. Bolton.

Ambassador Ryan Crocker and General David Petraeus invited Phee to join the Joint Strategic Assessment Team established in 2007 to revise the U.S. strategy in Iraq.

In that role she was responsible for coordinating the U.S. transition from military to civilian operations, culminating in the withdrawal of U.S. combat troops in December 2011.

The organizations included Better World Campaign, The Enough Project, Humanity United, Jewish World Watch, International Rescue Committee, Mercy Corps, Oxfam America, Relief International, Save the Children, United to End Genocide, and Water for South Sudan.

They noted that the absence of an ambassador in a country involved in a "deadly, costly and geopolitically destabilizing civil war" had limited the U.S. ability to successfully promote peaceful resolution.

Her assignment was curtailed by Moley, after which the U.S. Department of State Office of the Inspector General opened an investigation into allegations that the assistant secretary and other political appointees in the Bureau of International Organization Affairs used politicized and improper practices against career employees.

On April 15, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Phee to be the next assistant secretary of state for African affairs.