The curriculum at MSD includes a range of academic subjects, with several Advanced Placement and Honors courses taught in American Sign Language.

Students can take courses in American Government, History, Spanish, English, Biology, Algebra, and Chemistry, as well as a variety of electives.

In 2007, MSD students had a higher pass rate on state exams (High School Assessments) than their hearing peers.

The Maryland School for the Deaf provides residential programs and dormitories for male and female students who cannot travel by bus and stay from Monday to Friday.

For young children (from birth to age five) and their families, the campus also provides language skill development.

The Frederick campus provides a residential program for approximately thirty percent of its enrolled students from Monday to Friday during the school year, spanning from late August to early June.

Located on the Frederick campus, Underground is a 1950s style diner that is operated by students, providing a venue for middle and high school students to socialize, enjoy snacks, and engage in recreational activities such as pool and foosball.

The Maryland School for the Deaf's Columbia campus is situated on a section of land that was once part of the Otten Slave Farm Property, located in the former Pfeffer's Corner neighborhood.

The state purchased some parcels for the Route 100 project, and the county bought some for Waterloo Elementary.