[2] These attacks increased after 2019, whenever the ADF allied itself with the Islamic State - Central Africa Province (ISCAP).

[1] In response, the Congolese government declared a "state of siege" in the North Kivu region, and increased alliances with neighboring East African countries in sending peacekeeping teams to the area.

[3] The road linking much of the region was a hotbed for violence, with dozens of deadly attacks by insurgents including ADF.

[5] The ADF attacked with knives and bullets, and residents fled the town in the middle of the night, many heading towards Kasindi.

[8] Ugandan Major Peter Mugisa, a commander in Operation Shujaa, a joint Ugandan-Congolese offensive against the ADF that began in November 2021, claimed that after the attack more soldiers were deployed to Masambo and surrounding villages.