Masawaih al-Mardini

After working in Baghdad, he entered to the service of the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.

He is known due to his books on purgatives and emetics (De medicins laxativis) and on the complete pharmacopoeia in 12 parts called the Antidotarium sive Grabadin medicamentorum, which remained for centuries the standard textbook of pharmacy in the West.

A method of extracting oil from "some kind of bituminous shale", one of the first descriptions of extraction of shale oil was described by him in the 10th century.

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