MathML
Its aim is to natively integrate mathematical formulae into World Wide Web pages and other documents.
[5][6] In October 2003, the second edition of MathML Version 2.0 was published as the final release by the W3C Math Working Group.
New content elements include
[14] At that time, according to a member of the MathJax team, none of the major browser makers paid any of their developers for any MathML-rendering work; whatever support existed was overwhelmingly the result of unpaid volunteer time/work.
Because the meaning of the equation is preserved separate from the presentation, how the content is communicated can be left up to the user.
For example, web pages with MathML embedded in them can be viewed as normal web pages with many browsers, but visually impaired users can also have the same MathML read to them through the use of screen readers (e.g. using the VoiceOver in Safari).
The Cambria Math font supplied with Microsoft Windows had slightly more limited support.
They include: Note, however, that these token elements may be used as extension points, allowing markup in host languages.
They include: As usual in HTML and XML, many entities are available for specifying special symbols by name, such as π and →.
An interesting feature of MathML is that entities also exist to express normally-invisible operators, such as (or the shorthand ) for implicit multiplication.
Tokens such as identifiers and numbers are individually marked up, much as for Presentation MathML, but with elements such as
Rather than being merely another type of token, operators are represented by specific elements, whose mathematical semantics are known to MathML:
could be represented as Content MathML is nearly isomorphic to expressions in a functional language such as Scheme and other dialects of Lisp.
With this trivial literal transformation, plus un-tagging the individual tokens, the example above becomes: This reflects the long-known close relationship between XML element structures, and LISP or Scheme S-expressions.
[25][26] According to the OM Society,[27] OpenMath Content Dictionaries can be employed as collections of symbols and identifiers with declarations of their semantics – names, descriptions and rules.
A 2018 paper presented at the SIGIR conference[28] proposed that the semantic knowledge base Wikidata could be used as an OpenMath Content Dictionary to link semantic elements of a mathematical formula to unique and language-independent Wikidata items.
The well-known quadratic formula could be represented in Presentation MathML as an expression tree made up from layout elements like
Although less compact than other formats, the XML structuring of MathML makes its content widely usable and accessible, allows near-instant display in applications such as web browsers, and facilitates an interpretation of its meaning in mathematical software products.
The following would define P1(x) to be the first Legendre polynomial: The OMDoc format has been created for markup of larger mathematical structures than formulae, from statements like definitions, theorems, proofs, and examples, to complete theories and even entire text books.
