21 June 1313 – 2 July 1346) Meißen) was the eldest daughter of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife Beatrix of Świdnica.

Matilde's paternal grandparents were Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and his third wife Matilda of Habsburg.

Her maternal grandparents were Bolko I the Strict and his wife Beatrice of Brandenburg.

In 1322, Matilde's mother died, so her father remarried to Margaret II, Countess of Hainault.

Her husband died three years later, in 1349, aged thirty eight.