Matiate is an archaeological site underneath the town of Midyat, in Mardin province, Turkey.

[4][5] The town's origins date back to the 2nd or 3rd century CE and at its peak it is believed to have been inhabited by between 60,000 and 70,000 people.

[3] Gani Tarkan, the director of excavations of Matiate, assumes that the cave system was used as a hiding place for persecuted people.

[3] During the Roman era, the Christian religion was persecuted and its adherents were known to have lived in similar underground cities throughout Anatolia.

[3] In the cave system there is a Christian church and a room with a Star of David, which is assumed to be a Jewish synagogue.