The Matra R.530 is a French medium to short range air-to-air missile.

The Israeli Heyl Ha'Avir (IDF/AF) purchased 15 semi-active radar-homing R.530 missiles from France, along with three training rounds and eight launch pylons, to go with the new Mirage IIICJ "Shahak".

It was intended to complement the domestic Rafael Shafrir infrared-homing air-to-air missile.

The missile was christened "Yahalom" (Hebrew for "diamond") in Israeli service and was issued to the No.

The first MiG was destroyed with an R.530 fired from less than a mile away, marking the first aerial kill for the missile.